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Type of Document Dissertation Author Puccinelli, Daniele URN etd-07012008-033953 Title Arbutus: Reliable and Energy-Efficient Data Collection in Large-Scale Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks Degree Doctor of Philosophy Department Electrical Engineering Advisory Committee
Advisor Name Title Christian Poellabauer Committee Chair J. Nicholas Laneman Committee Member Martin Haenggi Committee Member Panos Antsaklis Committee Member Peter Bauer Committee Member Keywords
- load balancing
- routing
- sensor networks
Date of Defense 2008-06-09 Availability restricted Abstract In data collection applications of low-power wireless sensor networks, a major challenge is ensuring reliability withouta significant goodput degradation. Retransmissions over lossy links are often necessary, but energy is at a premium. The use of
short, high-quality hops minimizes the number of per-hop retransmissions, but unnecessarily long routes cause congestion and load
imbalance. While the former induces packet loss in the form of ingress drops, the latter causes a non-uniform energy depletion
pattern in the network that penalizes the nodes with the best channel to their next-hop neighbor. An unbalanced network imposes
a particularly heavy burden on the neighbors of the sink that have to relay all the upstream traffic; in a many-to-one
collection tree, however, the lifetime of the sink neighbors upper-bounds the lifetime of the network as a whole.
There exists a complex interplay among routing performance (reliability, goodput, energy-efficiency), congestion control, and
load balancing. We present an energy-aware data collection architecture for sensor networks, Arbutus, that leverages on this interplay.
We thoroughly describe the various aspects of the Arbutus architecture
and present the results of the experimental evaluation of its TinyOS implementation.
The evaluation is performed on large-scale remote-access testbeds of Berkeley motes (MoteLab, Twist, Tutornet) with 100-150 nodes. Arbutus
is benchmarked against the standard TinyOS 2.x network protocol, the Collection Tree Protocol. An extensive performance analysis is conducted,
and the broader implications of our results are shown. Tools from the field of transport geography are employed to interpret the most elusive
aspects of our evaluation.
Arbutus is shown to achieve a level of reliability suitable for most applications while ensuring energy-efficiency. While goodput
degradation is contained at low levels of offered load, at relatively high offered load points Arbutus typically provides a significant goodput gain,
as it exploits the inter-dependencies between reliability, routing and congestion control.
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